Difference between "git add" . and "git add -A"

git add .

• Adds only changes in the current directory and below.
• Does not capture files higher in the hierarchy if you are in a subfolder.
• Does not track remote files above the level where the command is invoked.

cd src/utils
git add .

Will only add changes in src/utils/ and its subfolders.

git add -A

• Adds all changes throughout the repository: new files, modified, deleted.
• Works regardless of which folder you are in.

cd src/utils 
git add -A

Will add changes across the entire project, including deleted files.

In summary

The commands git add -A and git add . do the same thing, indexing new, deleted, and modified files, but the difference lies in their scope of responsibility. The command git add . works only within the current directory and nested folders, whereas git add -A encompasses the entire repository.